Question 1

Match the hormone with the function.
-Atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
B)  affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct
C)  causes production of Angiotensin II
D)  acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion
E)  produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urineF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule.
B)   loop of Henle.
C)   distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
D)   calyces.
E)   urethra.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)   the anterosuperior surface
B)   the anteroinferior surface
C)   the posteromedial surface
D)   the posterolateral surfaceE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)   movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule
B)   urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
C)   movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid
D)   active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct
E)   urea movement into the collecting ductF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus.
B)   afferent arteriole.
C)   efferent arteriole.
D)   peritubular capillary.
E)   interlobular artery.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Accepted Answer

A)   pressure gradient.
B)   concentration gradient.
C)   volume gradient.
D)   temperature gradient.
E)   osmotic gradient.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma clearance
B)   plasma osmolarity
C)   tubular maximum
D)   renal plasma flow
E)   glomerular filtration rateF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 8

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A)   the afferent and efferent arterioles.
B)   the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
C)   the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)   the loop of Henle only.
E)   both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   cotransport.
C)   solvent drag.
D)   osmosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
B)   stratified squamous epithelium
C)   pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D)   simple columnar cells with microvilli and ciliaE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Urine formation involves

Accepted Answer

A)   filtration of the plasma.
B)   reabsorption from the filtrate.
C)   secretion into the filtrate.
D)   production of red blood cells.
E)   filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   xanthines.
B)   osmotic diuretics.
C)   thiazide diuretics.
D)   carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E)   potassium-sparing diuretics.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   pyelonephritis
B)   acute glomerular nephritis
C)   chronic glomerular nephritis
D)   acute renal failure
E)   chronic renal failureF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)   quantity of urine produced per minute.
B)   concentration of the cleared substance in the urine.
C)   concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.
D)   blood volume.
E)   quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)   transitional epithelium
B)   stratified squamous epithelium
C)   pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)   stratified columnar epitheliumE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

-What does "B" on the diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   ureters
B)   urethra
C)   right and left kidneys
D)   adrenal glands
E)   urinary bladderF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until voiding
B)  transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
C)  organ that forms urine
D)  transports urine from bladder to outside of body
E)  basic functional unit of the kidneyF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 18

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)   both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen.
B)   both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell.
C)   sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell.
D)   sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.
E)   sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  the length of the urethra in males; (2)  the length of the urethra in females

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 20

-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   afferent arteriole
C)   glomerulus
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   Bowman's capsuleF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Exam 26: Urinary System

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

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Match the organ with the appropriate function. -urinary bladder

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Formation of filtrate depends on a

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-The diagram is a portion of the nephron. What does "C" represent?

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Urine formation involves

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A countercurrent mechanism is in

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To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

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In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

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What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

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Match the hormone with the function. -Atrial natriuretic hormone

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-What does "B" on the diagram represent?

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Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

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The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

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Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

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Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

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Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

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Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

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Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

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What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

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Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) the length of the urethra in males; (2) the length of the urethra in females

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Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as

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